ABSTRACT:
Today the most extensively used motor in the industry is the induction motor. The faults in the induction motor may lead to breakdown of the induction motor and an increase in expense to the industry. So in this paper we have discussed a system which is cheap as compared to the other systems and also cost effective. This system monitors parameters such as speed, temperature, current and voltage using an Arduino microcontroller. Using these parameters we can easily detect faults such as overvoltage, over- current, overload, excessive heating, crawling and under-voltage. The induction motor can be isolated from the supply in case of any of the faults with relays. The system also involves the use of a speed control system which can adjust the speed to desired value. This will reduce the need for additional motors because the same motor may be used to drive different devices. This system may lead to a huge amount of cost saving.
INTRODUCTION:
An induction motor, especially squirrel cage induction motor is very reliable machine. The design of this motor enables the machine to work in various rough environments. It may experience various faults/abnormal conditions. The various faults include stator faults, rotor faults & bearing faults. All these faults have their own after effects. These after effects may be very hazardous tothe motor if the fault is sustained for a long time. Therefore it becomes very important to clear a fault as soon as it occurs. So we need to have a system that detects the faults and isolates the motor from supply the as soon as they occur. An induction motor is generally termed as a constantspeed motor. But under some circumstances it is necessary to change the speed of the motor so that it can be used for other applications. Hence we also need to have a speed control system so that a single motor can be used for more than one application.
The protection of induction motor plays an important role in its long life service. Researchers have done costly and limited protection for the stator windings protections, broken rotor bars protection, thermal protection etc. Mainly the induction motor needs protection from the variation of the input supply for small motors which is in common use not only in big industry but also in small scale industries. The small scale industries are not able to provide costly protection to the drives in use as it will increase their capital cost. Hence a cheap and compact design has been done for protection of induction motor against under voltage, over voltage, over current, under current. It has been also designed for critical loads which need to be run even under single phasing condition. Due to the poor power quality the damage of induction motors in small scale industries needs to be taken care of.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Any electrical system is affected by electrical & mechanical faults occurring in the system. The faults can lead to overloading, overheating and other effects. Every fault incident is indicated by the machine with various symptoms & behaviors. Faults in induction motors canbe categorized as follows:
Electrical faults: Some of the electrical faults are unbalance supply voltage or current, single phasing, under or over voltage of current, reverse phasesequence, earth fault, overload, inter-turn short-circuit fault, and crawling.
Mechanical faults: Some of the mechanical faults are broken rotor bar, mass unbalance, air gap eccentricity, bearing damage, rotor winding failure, and stator winding failure.
Environmental faults: Some of the environmental conditions also affect the performance of the induction motor. These include ambient temperature, external moisture and vibrations of machine due to installation defect, foundation defect, etc.
Hardware components requirements
1. Voltage sensor
2. Temparature sensor
3. Power supply
4. Arduino Controller
5. Buzzer
6. Driver circuit
7. Dc motar
8. LCD Display
Software components requirements
1. Embedded C
2. Arduino IDE
Proposed System
1. Arduino UNO is used with programming code which drives the whole system in conformity with their characteristic. Power supply is also used which supply the power to microcontroller.
2. This system consists of various sensors and measurement circuits which measure the parameters of the motor continuously.
3. These sensors have to be compatible with the Arduino i.e., their output voltage range should be between 0-5V DC. So, some of the sensors needs signal conditioning equipment as we are measuring the AC.
4. This system consists of potentiometer, Triac trigger circuit and zero crossing detector.
5. In case a fault occurs and we need to analyze the parameters of the fault, then we have designed a data logging system which stores the parameters of the motor during fault into PC.
The dissertation is based on the protection of induction motor under, over voltage, under voltage, overloading, over temperature and it is implemented using Arduino uno controller, step down transformers, potential transformers, sensing circuits and optocoupler . The system is very cheap as compared to present protective devices available. The protection system can protect induction motor from under voltage, over voltage, overloading and over temperature . By using sensing circuits we can sense voltage and current and these values given to controller.
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