Abstract- Currently hydroponic cultivation is gaining popularity all over the world because of efficient resources management and quality food production. Soil based agriculture is now facing various challenges such as urbanization, natural disaster, climate change, indiscriminate use of chemicals and pesticides which is depleting the land fertility. In this article various hydroponic structures viz. wick, ebb and flow, drip, deep water culture and Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) system; their operations; benefits and limitations; performance of different crops like tomato, cucumber, pepper and leafy greens and water conservation by this technique have been discussed. Several benefits of this technique are less growing time of crops than conventional growing; round the year production; minimal disease and pest incidence and weeding, spraying, watering etc can be eliminated. Commercially NFT technique has been used throughout the world for successful production of leafy as well as other vegetables with 70 to 90% savings of water.Leading countries in hydroponic technology are Netherland, Australia, France, England, Israel, and Canada.

INTRODUCTION Indoor farming/gardening is the future for agriculture, where we don’t need vast lands for agriculture. Gardening and farming can be done easily and even better using smart grows chambers that monitor and supply the plants with all necessary ingredients for proper growth. So here we design a 3 layer indoor farming/gardening unit using programmable hydroponic system. Hydroponic farming is farming done without the use of soil. Our system makes use of smart water supply and draining system coupled with air flow and artificial sunlight for a perfect grow environment. Our system would allow for all weather indoor farming as and when needed for organic food grown indoors. Hydroponics is a type of horticulture and a subset of hydroculture which involves growing plants (usually crops) without soil, by using mineral nutrient solutions in an aqueous solvent. Terrestrial plants may grow with only their roots exposed to the nutritious liquid, or, in addition, the roots may be physically supported by an inert medium such as perlite, gravel, or other substrates. Despite inert media, roots can cause changes of the rhizosphere pH and root exudates can affect rhizosphere biology. Hydroponic system are customised and modified according to recycling and reuse of nutrient solution and supporting media. Commonly used systems are wick, drip, ebb-flow, deep water culture and nutrient film technique.

LITERATURE SURVEY Best DIY Hydroponic Strawberry Tower. Retrieved from https://gardenculturemagazine.com/good-to-kno w/how-to/best-diy-hydroponic-strawberrytower/ Tower gardens are perfect for producing more in a small space, and they’re perfect for a strawberry crop. But like any other system you can buy, a lot of would-be hydroponic and aquaponic gardeners face sticker-shock when investigating getting set up to grow. Sometimes you just gotta get started with what your current budget will allow though, and the good news is that there are ways to do that with a homemade system. D. Singh, J. Davidson, and M. Books, Introduction to Hydroponics - Growing Your Plants Without Any Soil, ser. Gardening Series. Mendon Cottage Books, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://books.google.com.sa/boo ks?id=RAMtDQAAQBAJ The explosion in human population has left researchers scrambling for solutions on how to feed the world. Furthermore, rural-urban immigration has on the one hand left the farms in the rural areas devoid of farmers and on the other hand has left the urban areas over-populated. Hydroponics is a form of agriculture where crops are grown without soil. This technique allows the farms to follow the farmers to the urban area. In addition, the fact that no soil is needed, allows hydroponic system to be stacked vertically (also known as vertical farming) to save space. The final frontier in hydroponics is automation. It will allow one farmer to work more than one job and cultivate more than one farm simultaneously. This paperM. Raviv and J. Lieth, Soilless Culture: Theory and Practice. Elsevier Science, 2007. [Online]. Available: h ttps://books.google.com.sa/books?id=NvDHJxRwsg YC Plant production in hydroponics and soilless culture is rapidly expanding throughout the world, raising a great interest in the scientific community. For the first time in an authoritative reference book, authors cover both theoretical and practical aspects of hydroponics (growing plants without the use of soil). This reference book covers the state-of-the-art in this area, while offering a clear view of supplying plants with nutrients other than soil. W. Ke and Z. Xiong, “Difference of growth, copper accumulation and mineral element uptake in two elsholtziahaichowensis populations under copper and mineral nutrition stress,” in 2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2008, pp. 4704–4708 Metal contamination is still a major environmental issue due to their continuous deposition and persistence. In this work we intended to assess the impact that Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) exert in life-history parameters of Daphnia longispina, a common cladoceran in freshwater environments. Thus, we studied the effects of Cu (20-300 µg/L) and Zn (500-4000 µg/L) on the survival, growth, reproduction, feeding rate and population growth rate of D. longispina. Though survival was only reduced for the highest concentration of each metal, other endpoints were strongly affected by lower concentrations. Growth was affected by both metals, especially in the period 0-7 d, being significant for Cu ≥ 40 µg/L and Zn ≥ 500 µg/L. Indeed, growth endpoints at day 7 (body length and growth rate) were equally or more sensitive than the corresponding endpoints at day 21.

METHODOLOGY The aim of any hydroponic system is to deliver an optimised nutrient solution to plant roots. The method of delivery can often involve some form of growing medium used to anchor the plant, or to provide a matrix which supports nutrient and water accessibility. The interaction between the plant, growing medium and nutrient solution determines the efficacy of the growing environment. The most important factors governing the interaction between a substrate/growing medium and the nutrient solution are porosity, water holding capacity, water availability, buffering capacity and cation exchange capacity (CEC). These factors govern how quickly the nutrient solution passes through them, how often irrigation/fertigation is required, and how available nutrients are to the plantsWater holding capacity determines whether water is held by the growing medium and water availability describes the ability of the growing media to assist plant roots to access water. Growing media with a low buffering capacity may have high water holding capacity and high water availability, but will need to be irrigated more frequently. Conversely, those with lower water availability may hold onto some water for longer, offering a buffer against plants drying out. Cation exchange capacity is a measure of the same relationship, but between the media and nutrients. Those with a higher CEC will bind more of the nutrients, reducing their immediate availability to plants, but potentially lengthening the periods between fertigation episodes. A low CEC provides greater precision over nutrient delivery, but requires more frequent dosing

CONCLUSION In this paper authors are trying to monitor of systems and the automation of nutrient supply. It is observed that the plants and other vegetables are maintained fresh as compared to others which are outside of the cabinet. The cooling system maintained the temperature and freshness on tersest gardening and farming. It’s a promising strategy for growing different crops. Observed that it’s very helpful for homemade garden or tersest gardening purpose.

FUTURE SCOPE With hydroponic farming method, the arable space problem in India will be solved in the future. More cultivars of staple crops can be grown, and consumption of soil and water will be reduced, or just not required. ... Finally, the hydroponic farming will reduce pests and weed production on alarming levels  

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to express our gratitude to the management of Priyadarshini JL College of engineering Nagpur, for their support and encouragement to carry out this work and we are grateful to all the staff members of department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering for their cooperation and assistance.

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