The objective of the project is to design a wind turbine to recapture wind energy from vehicles on the highway. Wind energy is considered the fastest growing clean energy source however; it is limited by variable natural wind. Highways can provide a considerable amount of wind to drive a turbine due to high vehicle traffic. This energy is unused. Extensive research on wind patterns is required to determine the average velocity of the wind created by oncoming vehicles. The wind turbines will be placed on the medians therefore fluid flow from both sides of the highway will be considered in the design. Using all of the collected data, existing streetlights automatically control and monitoring the parameter through the IOT from the base station on the medians can be fitted with these wind turbines. Additionally, since the wind source will fluctuate, a storage system for the power generated will be designed to distribute and maintain a constant source of power. Ideally, the turbine can be used globally as an unlimited power source for streetlights and other public amenities.
With increase in population, the scenario of cleanliness with respect to waste management is degrading tremendously. The overflow of garbage in public areas creates the unhygienic condition in the nearby surrounding. It may provoke several serious diseases amongst the nearby people. It also degrades the valuation of the area. To avoid this and to enhance the cleaning, ‘smart waste management system’ is proposed in this project. In the proposed system, the level of waste in the dustbins is detected with the help of Sensor systems, and communicated to the authorized control room through GSM system. Microcontroller is used to interface the sensor system with GSM system. An android application is developed to monitor the desired information related to the waste for different selected locations. This will help to manage the garbage collection efficiently.
In real world applications, tracking target in low resolution video is a challenging task because there is loss of discriminative detail in the visual appearance of moving object. The existing methods are mostly based on the enhancement of LR (low resolution) video by super resolution techniques. But these methods require high computational cost. This cost further increases if we are dealing with events detection. In this paper we present an algorithm which is able to detect unusual events without such type of conversion and well suited for enhancement of security of ATMs where conventional low resolution cameras are generally used due to their low cost. Proposed algorithm only uses close morphological operation with disk like structuring element in the pre-processing steps to cope up with low resolution video. It further uses rolling average background subtraction technique to detect foreground object from dynamic background in a scene. Our proposed algorithm is able to recognize the occurrence of uncommon events such as overcrowding or fight in the low resolution video simply by using statistical property, standard deviation of moving objects. It is fast enough because it process low resolution frames and could be helpful in surveillance system for enhancing the security of ATMs where conventional camera of low resolution are still used. It does not use any classifier and avoids the requirement of training the system initially.
Single phase induction motors are widely used in home appliances and Industrial control because of their low cost and rugged construction. Many industrial processes require variable speed drives for various applications. Many applications need variable speed operation and one of them is a simple fan load. The RF generator which generates the analog output signal for the corresponding button pressed using PCB. This analogue output is fed to the RF Transmitter and sent through the antenna. At the other end, the RF Receiver picks up the signal and feeds it to the signal decoder, there the decoding takes place and this decoding data is given to the Micro controller RL78. The software in the Micro controller receives the signal and accordingly drives the TRIAC Circuit, which in turn is connected to load serially which is used to generate the PWM pulses for speed control of the single phase induction motor. The main aim of the this project is to design an real time electronic control system that can be used to control the speed of motors kept at remote locations using an embedded technology.
The project is intended to detect the location of fault in underground cable lines from the base station in kilometres using a Renesas microcontroller. This project uses the standard concept of Ohms law i.e., when a low DC voltage is applied at the feeder end through a series resistor to the Cable lines, then current would vary depending upon the location of fault in the short circuited cable. In the urban areas, the electrical cables run in undergrounds instead of overhead lines. Whenever the fault occurs in underground cable it is difficult to detect the exact location of the fault for process of repairing that particular cable. The proposed system finds the exact location of the fault. This system uses a Renesas micro-controller and a rectified power supply. Here the current sensing circuits made with combination of resistors are interfaced to Renesas controller with help of the ADC device for providing digital data to the microcontroller representing the cable length in KM’s. The fault creation is made by the set of switches. The relays are controlled by the relay driver IC which is used for switching the power sequentially to all the lines. A 16x2 LCD display connected to the microcontroller to display the information. In case of short circuit (Line to Ground), the voltage across series resistors changes accordingly, which is then fed to an ADC to develop precise digital data to a programmed Renesas board that further displays fault location in kilometres. The project future can be implemented by using capacitor in an ac circuit to measure the impedance which can even locate the open circuited cable.
In today’s lifestyle, technology has become very dependable in many ways thereby simplifying day-to-day life. Home automation, utility meters, appliances, security systems, card readers, and building controls are some of the areas wherein plenty of research in the use of technology is widely taking place as we speak. Along with hardware the use of software has become very important thereby simplifying tasks, reducing size of equipment and hence cutting down on cost of the equipment.
This paper presents the development of industrial monitoring system that monitors the environment conditions in an indoor space at remote location using the concept of IoT. In this system, sensors like temperature sensor, humidity sensor and gas sensor are used and data collected from the sensor will be available remotely through webpages and can view the data anywhere in the world and decisions will be taken based upon the measurement. SMS alert will be sent to the specific person in any emergency situation which contains collected values from the sensor. The communication between the system’s components is performed using the existent wireless infrastructure based on the IEEE 802.11 b/g standards.
In this paper a new single-stage transformer less inverter for photovoltaic (PV) application is proposed. Typical PV systems have multi-stage topology in order to perform different functions. These multi-stage inverters suffer from low efficiency and high components count. The proposed inverter is a combination of boost converter and half bridge inverter which can handle voltage boosting as well as feeding ac current to the grid in one stage. The introduced converter is transformer less which increases the overall efficiency and decreases cost, size and weight of the system. This topology has several desirable features like low switching losses, low total harmonic distortion (THD) and simple control technique. In this paper, operation principle, theoretical analysis and design of the proposed topology are discussed. Also, simulation and experimental results of a lOOW inverter are presented to confirm the validity of theoretical analysis.
In the today’s busy world, every person will be busy with his work. So now a day’s lots of work are handled from remote places. In many industries, we need to control the ON and OFF of AC or DC motors. The switching ON/OFF of motor can be done using sensor such as temperature and voltage level monitoring. In this project, we are controlling the motor switching through monitoring the voltage levels & temperature levels of the motor. The main aim of this project is not only to ON or OFF the motor, but this module has a built in intelligence, were the module will consider the required condition to ON/OFF the motor. For every process, the module will send the acknowledgement.
Renewable sources such as the Photovoltaic Systems (PV) have been used over decades in order to focus on greener sources of power generation. Today it has become a matter of concern on how to reduce COST and improve EFFICIENCY in order to harness and use these natural resources in a much better way possible. Hence the idea of Maximum Power Point Tracking System (MPPT) has emerged, which is basically a system used by charge controllers for wind turbines and Photovoltaic Systems to employ and also provide a maximized power output. This Thesis is mainly concerned with the utilization of such a system in order to achieve a controlled photovoltaic power using MPPT mechanism. The main aim of this project was to track the maximum power point of the photovoltaic module so that the maximum possible power can be extracted from the photovoltaic systems by varying certain conditions in algorithm and set up mechanism. Finally the output data from this project was compared with the other MPPT algorithms in order to attain an improved performance hence a better MPPT system. Furthermore, the system was interfaced with GSM to get a better access of data from anywhere for analysis thus reducing the physical work of data collection.