Urbanization has led to a significant increase in vehicular traffic, making efficient parking space management a critical challenge in modern cities. Traditional parking systems often result in excessive time consumption, fuel wastage, and user frustration due to manual operation and lack of real-time information. To address these concerns, this project presents a Smart Parking System that integrates multiple functionalities such as automated slot detection, gate control, real-time display, and fire hazard alert system using embedded hardware and wireless communication modules.

The system is built around an Arduino Nano microcontroller, chosen for its compact size, ease of programming, and low power consumption. It employs five Infrared (IR) sensors to monitor the availability of three parking slots, as well as the entry and exit of vehicles. When a vehicle approaches the entry point, the system checks for an available slot. If a slot is free, the entry gate automatically opens via a servo motor, allowing access. Simultaneously, the system records the parking start time for fare calculation during exit. When a vehicle exits, the system calculates the total duration of the stay and displays the corresponding parking fee on an I2C-based 20x4 LCD display.

An important feature of this system is its fire detection mechanism using a flame sensor, which continuously monitors the environment for any signs of fire or smoke. Upon detecting a fire, the system not only displays a warning message on the LCD but also sends an SMS alert to a predefined mobile number using the GSM SIM900A module. This ensures that concerned personnel are immediately notified of potential fire hazards, even when they are not present on-site. The inclusion of this safety feature greatly enhances the reliability and utility of the parking system, particularly in indoor parking lots, basements, or high-risk zones.

The real-time status of each parking slot—whether free or occupied—is displayed clearly on the LCD screen. This improves user convenience by enabling quick decision-making and reduces unnecessary vehicle movement within the parking area. The use of low-cost components makes the system highly cost-effective and scalable for larger installations. It is powered by a regulated power supply ensuring safe operation of the components.

This project successfully combines automation, sensing, display technology, and wireless communication to deliver a smart parking system that is not only efficient but also enhances safety and user experience. The modular design allows for easy upgrades, such as integration with mobile apps, cloud platforms, or camera-based surveillance. It is ideal for use in commercial complexes, residential apartments, educational institutions, and public parking lots, offering a viable solution to the increasing need for intelligent parking systems in smar cities.  

Component Used:

1. Arduino Nano

2. Power Supply

3. 5, IR Sensor 

4. Flame Sensor

5. LCD 20x4 I2C Display

6. Servo Motor

7. GSM SIM900A Module