This smart farming system monitors temperature, humidity, and soil moisture, and automatically controls a water pump via a relay. When the soil is dry, the pump turns on to irrigate the plants. Sensor values are displayed on an I2C LCD.
Price : 3500
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Modern agriculture is rapidly embracing automation and IoT to enhance productivity and sustainability. One of the key challenges farmers face is efficient irrigation—ensuring crops get just the right amount of water without wastage. This project addresses that by combining environmental monitoring and automated water control. It uses a DHT11 sensor to measure atmospheric temperature and humidity, and a soil moisture sensor to check how dry the soil is. These readings are displayed in real-time on an I2C LCD screen. A relay module controls a water pump which automatically activates when the soil is dry and turns off when it’s adequately moist. This smart solution not only saves water but also reduces the need for manual irrigation, making it highly suitable for small farms, home gardens, and educational demonstrations of precision agriculture.
| Component | Quantity | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Arduino UNO/Nano | 1 | Microcontroller board |
| DHT11 Sensor | 1 | Measures temperature and humidity |
| Soil Moisture Sensor | 1 | Measures soil water content |
| 5V Relay Module | 1 | Controls water pump |
| I2C LCD (16x2) | 1 | Displays readings |
| Water Pump (optional) | 1 | For automatic irrigation |
| Jumper Wires | As needed | For connections |
| Breadboard | 1 | For prototyping |
| Power Supply (5V) | 1 | For pump and Arduino |
The Smart Farming System automates irrigation by continuously monitoring environmental and soil conditions using sensors. It begins by collecting temperature and humidity data through the DHT11 sensor, while the soil moisture sensor measures the water content in the soil. The values are read every few seconds.
These readings are displayed on a 16x2 I2C LCD display, providing real-time visibility into the field conditions. The system uses a predefined threshold value (in this case, 500) to determine whether the soil is too dry. If the soil moisture value is greater than 500, the system interprets it as dry soil and automatically activates the water pump by turning on a relay module connected to pin 4. The pump irrigates the soil until the sensor reads a value below the threshold, at which point the relay is turned off, stopping water flow.
This automation removes the need for manual checking and watering, thus saving water, power, and human effort. It ensures crops receive the right amount of water based on real-time needs, which is particularly useful in remote or resource-scarce areas. The pump activation and soil condition (DRY or WET) are also shown on the LCD, giving users full transparency on the system's decision-making.